Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 7, Issue 7, Pages 6203-6211Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn402125e
Keywords
lithium-ion batteries; in situ STEM; atomic scale; reaction front; tin oxide nanowires
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200383, DMR-0820884, DMR-0959470]
- American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [51458-ND10]
- UIC Research Resources Center
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1200383] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In the present work, taking advantage of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we show that the dynamic lithiation process of anode materials can be revealed in an unprecedented resolution. Atomically resolved imaging of the lithiation process in SnO2 nanowires illustrated that the movement, reaction, and generation of b = [(11) over bar1] mixed dislocations leading the lithiated stripes effectively facilitated lithium-ion insertion into the crystalline interior. The geometric phase analysis and density functional theory simulations indicated that lithium ions initial preference to diffuse along the [001] direction in the {200} planes of SnO2 nanowires introduced the lattice expansion and such dislocation behaviors. At the later stages of lithiation, the Li-induced amorphization of ruble SnO2 and the formation of crystalline Sn and LixSn particles in the Li2O matrix were observed.
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