Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 7, Issue 10, Pages 8645-8657Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn402792a
Keywords
silica nanoparticles; NIR fluorescence; hepatobiliary excretion; biodistribution; toxicity; lymph nodes
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Funding
- Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, the Lorraine Region
- Institut de Cancerologie de Lorraine
- Italian Ministry for University and Research MIUR [PRIN 2009Z9ASCA, PON 01_01078 projects]
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Near-infrared (NIR) imaging of the lymphatic system offers a sensitive, versatile, and accurate lymph node mapping to locate the first, potentially metastatic, draining nodes in the operating room. Many luminescent nanoprobes have received great attention in this field, and the design of nontoxic and bright nanosystems is of crucial importance. Fluorescent NIR-emitting dye doped silica nanoparticles represent valuable platforms to fulfill these scopes, providing sufficient brightness, resistance to photobleaching, and hydrophilic nontoxic materials. Here, we synthesized these highly stable core shell nanoparticles with a programmable surface charge positioning and determined the effect of these physicochemical properties on their in vivo behavior. In addition, we characterized their fluorescence kinetic profile in the right axillary lymph node (RAIN) mapping. We found that nanoparticles with negative charges hidden by a PEG shell are more appropriate than those with external negative charges in the mapping of lymph nodes. We also demonstrated the efficient excretion of these nanostructures by the hepatobiliary route and their nontoxicity in mice up to 3 months postinjection. These results indicate the potential future development of these fluorescent nanosystems for LN mapping.
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