Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 4147-4156Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn300626q
Keywords
carbon nanotubes; surfactant; macrophages
Categories
Funding
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [OH008282]
- National Institutes of Health NIEHS [R01ES019304, HL70755, HL094488, U19AI068021, ES021068-01]
- National Occupational Research Agenda NORA [0HELD015, 927000Y, 927Z1LU]
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) [927ZJHF]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [0449117]
- European Commission [EC-FP7-NANOMMUNE-214281]
- Science Foundation of Ireland
- Strategic Research Cluster (SRC) BioNanointeract
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
- Higher Education Authority (HEA)
- Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions (PRTLI)
- Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS)
- Cancer Center [P30 CA047904]
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP-91713801]
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr
- Division of Computing and Communication Foundations [0449117] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The pulmonary route represents one of the most Important portals of entry for nanoparticles into the body. However, the in vivo interactions of nanoparticles with biomolecules of the lung have not been sufficiently studied. Here, using an established mouse model of pharyngeal aspiration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), we recovered SWCNTs from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf), purified them from possible contamination with lung cells, and examined the composition of phospholipids adsorbed on SWCNTs by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. We found that SWCNTs selectively adsorbed two types of the most abundant surfactant phospholipids: phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG). Molecular speciation of these phospholipids was also consistent with pulmonary surfactant. Quantitation of adsorbed lipids by LC-MS along with the structural assessments of phospholipid binding by atomic force microscopy and molecular modeling indicated that the phospholipids (similar to 108 molecules per SWCNT) formed an uninterrupted coating whereby the hydrophobic alkyl chains of the phospholipids were adsorbed onto the SWCNT with the polar head groups pointed away from the SWCNT into the aqueous phase. In addition, the presence of surfactant proteins A, B, and D on SWCNTs was determined by LC-MS. Finally, we demonstrated that the presence of this surfactant coating markedly enhanced the in vitro uptake of SWCNTs by macrophages. Taken together, this is the first demonstration of the In vivo adsorption of the surfactant lipids and proteins on SWCNTs in a physiologically relevant animal model.
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