Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 5, Issue 11, Pages 8665-8671Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn202490m
Keywords
multifunctional nanoprobes; fluorescence bio-imaging; nanothermometers; near-infrared upconversion; calcium fluoride
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Funding
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
- Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid [CCG087-UAM/MAT-4434, S2009/MAT-1756]
- Spanish Ministerio de Education y Ciencia [MAT 2010-16161]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
- Concordia University
- Spanish Minsterio de Educacion [PR2009-0040]
- Fondazione Cariverona (Verona, Italy)
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In this study, we report on the remarkable two-photon excited fluorescence efficiency in the biological window of CaF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles. On the basis of the strong Tm3+ ion emission (at around 800 nm), tissue penetration depths as large as 2 mm have been demonstrated, which are more than 4 times those achievable based on the visible emissions in comparable CaF2:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles. The outstanding penetration depth, together with the fluorescence thermal sensitivity demonstrated here, makes CaF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles ideal candidates as multifunctional nanoprobes for high contrast and highly penetrating in vivo fluorescence imaging applications.
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