Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 5, Issue 10, Pages 7805-7811Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn2029814
Keywords
lithium-ion battery; in situ transmission electron microscopy; nanorods; silicon; anodes
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [0820884]
- American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund [51458-ND10]
- Savannah River National Laboratory
- [DE-AC09-085R22470]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0820884] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In situ electrochemical lithiation and delithiation processes inside a nanobattery consisting of an individual amorphous Si nanorod and ionic liquid were explored. Direct formation of the crystalline Li22Si5 phase due to the intercalation of Li ions was observed. In addition, the role of the electrolyte nanorod interface was examined. It was observed that the lithiation of Si nanorods Is dominated by surface diffusion. Upon the delithiation process, partial decomposition of Li22Si5 particles was observed which can explain the irreversible capacity loss that is generally seen in SI anodes. This study shows that the radial straining due to lithiation does not cause cracking in nanorods as small in diameter as 26 nm, whereas cracks were observed during the lithiation of 55 nm Si nanorods.
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