Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 5, Issue 10, Pages 8187-8192Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn202829y
Keywords
bilayer graphene; solid carbon sources; self-assembled monolayers; transfer-free
Categories
Funding
- ONR MURI [00006766, N00014-09-1-1066]
- Lockheed Martin Corporation
- AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0581, FA9550-10-C-0098]
- PrivaTran, Inc.
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Here we demonstrate a general transfer-free method to directly grow large areas of uniform bilayer graphene on insulating substrates (SiO(2), h-BN, Si(3)N(4), and Al(2)O(3)) from solid carbon sources such as films of poly(2-phenylpropyl)methysiloxane, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene), the latter leading to N-doped bilayer graphene due to its inherent nitrogen content. Alternatively, the carbon feeds can be prepared from a self-assembled monolayer of butyltriethoxysilane atop a SiO(2) layer. The carbon feedstocks were deposited on the insulating substrates and then caped with a layer of nickel. At 1000 degrees C, under low pressure and a reducing atmosphere, the carbon source was transformed into a bilayer graphene film on the insulating substrates. The Ni layer was removed by dissolution, affording the bilayer graphene directly on the insulator with no traces of polymer left from a transfer step. The bilayer nature of as-grown samples was demonstrated by I(G)/I(2D) Raman mapping, the statistics of the full-width at half-maximum of the Raman 2D peak, the selected area electron diffraction patterns over a large area, and randomly imaged graphene edges by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
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