Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 5, Issue 6, Pages 4800-4809Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn200770p
Keywords
lithium ion battery; lithiation-induced strain; charging rate; coating; tin oxide; in situ transmission electron microscopy
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
- NSF [CMMI-0758554, 0758265, 0825435]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [0825842, 0825435, 0758554, 758265] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1100205] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The advanced battery system is critically important for a wide range of applications, horn portable electronics to electric vehicles. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are presently the best performing ones, but they cannot meet requirements for more demanding applications due to limitations in capacity, charging rate, and cyclability. One leading cause of those limitations is the lithiation-induced strain (LIS) in electrodes that can result in high stress, fracture, and capacity loss. Here we report that, by utilizing the coating strategy, both the charging rate and LIS of SnO2 nanowire electrodes can be altered dramatically. The SnO2 nanowires coated with carbon, aluminum, or copper can be charged about 10 times faster than the noncoated ones. Intriguingly, the radial expansion of the coated nanowires was completely suppressed, resulting in enormously reduced tensile stress at the reaction front, as evidenced by the lack of formation of dislocations. These improvements are attributed to the effective electronic conduction and mechanical confinement of the coatings. Our work demonstrates that nanoengineering the coating enables the simultaneous control of electrical and mechanical behaviors of electrodes, pointing to a promising route for building better LIBs.
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