Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 9799-9806Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn204156n
Keywords
graphene; oxidized graphene; ozone; surface-enhanced Raman scattering; chemical enhancement
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [FPR08-A2-150, 2011K00135]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Korea government (MEST) [2011-0018198, 2011K000615]
- Ministry of Knowledge Economy [10033183, 10037397]
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- NRF [2010-0020414]
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We fabricated a highly oxidized large-scale graphene platform using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and UV/ozone-based oxidation methods. This platform offers a large-scale surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with large chemical enhancement in SERS and reproducible SEAS signals over a centimeter-scale graphene surface. After UV-induced ozone generation, ozone molecules were reacted with graphene to produce oxygen-containing groups on graphene and induced the p-type doping of the graphene. These modifications introduced the structural disorder and defects on the graphene surface and resulted in a large chemical mechanism-based signal enhancement from Raman dye molecules [rhodamine B (RhB), rhodamine 6G (R6G), and crystal violet (CV) in this case] on graphene. Importantly, the enhancement factors were increased from similar to 10(3) before ozone treatment to similar to 10(4), which is the largest chemical enhancement factor ever on graphene, after 5 min ozone treatment due to both high oxidation and p-doping effects on graphene surface. Over a centimeter-scale area of this UV/ozone-oxidized graphene substrate, strong SERS signals were repeatedly and reproducibly detected. In a UV/ozone-based micropattern, UV/ozone-treated areas were highly Raman-active while nontreated areas displayed very weak Raman signals.
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