Enzyme-Responsive Intracellular Controlled Release Using Nanometric Silica Mesoporous Supports Capped with Saccharides

The synthesis of new capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles for on-command delivery applications is described The gate-like functional hybrid systems consisted of nanoscopic MCM-41 based materials functionalized on the pore outlets with different saccharide derivatives and a dye contained in the mesopores A series of hydrolyzed starch products as saccharides were selected The mesoporous silica nanoparticles S1, S2, and S3 containing the grafted starch derivatives Glucidex 47, Gludicex 39, and Glucidex 29,were synthesized Additionally, for comparative, Purposes solid S4 containing lactose was prepared Delivery studies in pure water in the presence of pancreatin or beta D-galactosidase were carried out for S1-S3 and S4 respectively S1, S2, and especially S3 showed very low release in the absence of enzyme, but displayed cargo delivery in the presence of the,corresponding enzyme Moreover, nanoparticles of Si were used to study the controlled release of the dye in intracellular media Cell viability assays using HeLa and LLC PK1 cells indicated that S1 nanoparticles were devoid of unspecific cell toxicity The endocytosis process for S1 nanoparticle internalization in Hela cells was confirmed, and the anchored starch was degraded by the lysosomal enzymes Furthermore, a new mesoporous silica nanoparticle functionalized with Glucidex 47 and loaded with a cytotoxic, S1 DOX, was developed The cell viability with S1 DOX decreased due to the internalization of the nanoparticle, enzyme dependent opening of the saccharide molecular gate and the consequent release of the cytotoxic agent As far as the authors know, this is the first example of enzyme-induced in-cell delivery using capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles