Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 4, Issue 8, Pages 4559-4564Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn100736c
Keywords
photoacoustic tomography; gold nanocages; melanoma; bioconjugation; molecular imaging
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 EB000712, R01 EB008085, U54 CA136398, DP1 OD000798-04]
- Microphotoacoustics, Inc.
- Endra, Inc.
- Korean Government [KRF-2007-357-D00070]
- Washington University Molecular Imaging Center
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Early diagnosis, accurate staging, and image-guided resection of melanomas remain crucial clinical objectives for improving patient survival and treatment outcomes. Conventional techniques cannot meet this demand because of the low sensitivity, low specificity, poor spatial resolution, shallow penetration, and/or ionizing radiation. Here we overcome such limitations by combining high-resolution photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with extraordinarily optical absorbing gold nanocages (AuNCs). When bioconjugated with (Nle(4),D-Phe(7)]-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the AuNCs can serve as a novel contrast agent for in vivo molecular PAT of melanomas with both exquisite sensitivity and high specificity. The bioconjugated AuNCs enhanced contrast similar to 300% more than the control, PEGylated AuNCs. The in vivo PAT quantification of the amount of AuNCs accumulated in melanomas was further validated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
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