Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 4, Issue 9, Pages 5011-5018Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn100620d
Keywords
nanomaterial; heterogeneity; fullerene C-60; reactive oxygen species (ROS); microbial inactivation; transport; size-dependent differences
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Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under NSF [EF-0830093]
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT)
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [GRANTS:13857464, 0830093] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Properties of nanomaterial suspensions are typically summarized by average values for the purposes of characterizing these materials and interpreting experimental results. We show in this work that the heterogeneity in aqueous suspensions of fullerene C-60 aggregates (nC(60)) must be taken into account for the purposes of predicting nanomaterial transport, exposure, and biological activity. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), microbial inactivation, and the mobility of the aggregates of the nC(60) in a silicate porous medium all increased as suspensions were fractionated to enrich with smaller aggregates by progressive membrane filtration. These size-dependent differences are attributed to an increasing degree of hydroxylation of nC(60) aggregates with decreasing size. As the quantity and influence of these more reactive fractions may increase with time, experiments evaluating fullerene transport and toxicity end points must take into account the evolution and heterogeneity of fullerene suspensions.
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