Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 4, Issue 6, Pages 3181-3186Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn1007176
Keywords
graphene; single-wall carbon nanotubes; cytotoxicity; shape; PC12 cells; reactive oxidative species
Categories
Funding
- National Center for Toxicological Research
- Arkansas Science and Technology Authority [08-CAT-03]
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Graphitic nanomaterials such as graphene layers (G) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are potential candidates in a large number of biomedical applications. However, little is known about the effects of these nanomaterials on biological systems. Here we show that the shape of these materials is directly related to their induced cellular toxicity. Both G and SWCNT induce cytotoxic effects, and these effects are concentration-and shape-dependent. Interestingly, at low concentrations, G induced stronger metabolic activity than SWCNT, a trend that reversed at higher concentrations. Lactate dehydrogenase levels were found to be significantly higher for SWCNT as compared to the G samples. Moreover, reactive oxygen species were generated in a concentration-and time-dependent manner after exposure to G, indicating an oxidative stress mechanism. Furthermore, time-dependent caspase 3 activation after exposure to G (10 mu g/mL) shows evidence of apoptosis. Altogether these studies suggest different biological activities of the graphitic nanomaterials, with the shape playing a primary role.
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