Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 3, Issue 6, Pages 1485-1492Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn900416z
Keywords
single-walled carbon nanotube; cytotoxicity; electron microscopy; Raman spectroscopy; nanomedicine
Categories
Funding
- IRC in Nanotechnology, Cambridge, UK
- Isaac Newton Trust
- EPSRC
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Oppenheimer Research Trust
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Water-soluble single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are being tested as contrast agents for medical imaging and for the delivery of therapeutically active molecules to target cells. However, before they become used commercially, it will be essential to establish their subcellular distribution and whether they are cytotoxic. Here we characterize uptake of unlabeled, acid-treated, water-soluble SWNTs by human monocyte derived macrophage cells using a combination of Raman spectroscopy and analytical electron microscopy and compare our findings to previous work on unpurified SWNTs. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that acid-treated SWNTs had a greater number of functional groups on the carbon walls than nontreated SWNT. The acid-treated SWNTs were less aggregated within cells than unpurifed SWNTs. Bundles, and also individual acid-treated SWNTs, were found frequently inside lysosomes and also the cytoplasm, where they caused no significant changes in cell viability or structure even after 4 days of exposure.
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