Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 3, Issue 11, Pages 3730-3736Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn900933u
Keywords
graphene; low temperature; high vacuum; surface chemistry; electrochemical energy storage
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [50842060, 50972101]
- NSF of Tianjin, China [07JCYBJC15200]
- Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion [08913]
- Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities [B06006]
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A preheated high-temperature environment is believed to be critical for a chemical-exfoliation-based production of graphenes starting from graphite oxide, a belief that is based on not only experimental but also theoretical viewpoints. A novel exfoliation approach is reported in this study, and the exfoliation process is realized at a very low temperature, which is far below the proposed critical exfoliation temperature, by introducing a high vacuum to the exfoliation process. Owing to unique surface chemistry, low-temperature exfoliated graphenes demonstrate an excellent energy storage performance, and the electrochemical capacitance is much higher than that of the high-temperature exfoliated ones. The low-temperature exfoliation approach presents us with a possibility for a mass production of graphenes at low cost and great potentials in energy storage applications of graphene-based materials.
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