Journal
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue 10, Pages 844-854Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cb900167m
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Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P41RR02301, P41GM66326, RR02781, RR08438, GM072447, T32 GM08349]
- National Science Foundation [DMB-8415048, O1A-9977486, BIR09214394]
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
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HIV-1 requires a -1 translational frameshift to property synthesize the viral enzymes required for replication. The frameshift mechanism is dependent upon two RNA elements, a seven-nucleotide slippery sequence (UUUUUUA) and a downstream RNA structure. Frameshifting occurs with a frequency of similar to 5%, and increasing or decreasing this frequency may result in a decrease in viral replication. Here, we report the results of a high-throughput screen designed to find small molecules that bind to the HIV-1 frameshift site RNA. Out of 34,500 compounds screened, 202 were identified as positive hits. We show that one of these compounds, doxorubicin, binds the HIV-1 RNA with low micromolar affinity (K-d = 2.8 mu M). This binding was confirmed and localized to the RNA using NMR. Further analysis revealed that this compound increased the RNA stability by approximately 5 degrees C and decreased translational frameshifting by 28% (+/- 14%), as measured In vitro.
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