Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 6, Issue 15, Pages 13115-13128Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am502980m
Keywords
ionic liquid; friction; antiwear additives; base oil miscibility; tribology; surface analysis; thermal stability
Funding
- Xunta de Galicia under the program Plan I2C
- COST [CM1206]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) [CTQ2011-23925]
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After doing several miscibility essays with eight ionic liquids (Its) and four base oils, the ILs tri(butyl)-ethylphosphonium diethylphosphate [114,4,4,2][C2C2PO4] and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [P-6,(6),(6),(14)][(C2F5)(3)PF3] were selected to be studied as lubricant additives. The neat IL [P-4,(4),(4),(2)][C2C2PO4], the base oils, and several blends were characterized in terms of density, viscosity, and thermal stability. The tribological performance of the miscible base oil/IL blends (1 wt %) and the neat [P-4,(4),(4),(2)] [C2C2PO4] were evaluated for the lubrication of an AISI 420 steel-100Cr6 steel contact pair. The friction coefficients and wear volumes obtained are also compared with those corresponding to the pure base oils and their mixtures with conventional additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). As neat lubricants, [P-4,(4),(4),(2)] [C2C2PO4] showed the best antifriction ability, whereas in terms of wear, better results were obtained with P [P-6,P-6,P-6,P-14][(C2F5)(3)PF3]. However, higher improvements in both friction and wear were found for blends containing [P-4,(4),(4),(2)][C2C2PO4]. XPS analyses of the worn surfaces lubricated with these mixtures indicated the presence of phosphorus in the tribofilm formed on the wear track. However, this compound was slightly detected on tribosamples lubricated with blends containing [P-6,(6),(6),(14)][(C2P5)(3)PF3].
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