Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 6, Issue 7, Pages 5319-5326Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am500944a
Keywords
SnO2; cluster nanoparticles; Pd loading; hydrothermal method; gas diffusion; toluene
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [22350064]
- Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan (MST)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22350064] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Gas sensing with nanosized oxide materials is attracting much attention because of its promising capability of detecting various toxic gases at very low concentrations. In this study, using clustered SnO2 nanoparticles formed by controlled particle aggregation, we fabricated highly sensitive gas sensing films to detect large gas molecules such as toluene. A hydrothermal method using stanic acid (SnO2 center dot nH(2)O) gel as a precursor produced monodispersed SnO2 nanoparticles of ca. 5 nm at pH 10.6. Decreasing the solution pH to 9.3 formed SnO2, clusters of ca. 45 nm that were assemblies of the monodispersed nanoparticles, as determined by dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Porous gas sensing films were successfully fabricated by a spin-coating method using the clustered nanoparticles due to the loose packing of the larger aggregated particles. The sensor devices using the porous films showed improved sensor responses (sensitivities) to H-2 and CO at 300 degrees C. The enhanced sensitivity resulted from an increase in the film's porosity, which promoted the gas diffusivity of the sensing films. Pd loading onto the clustered nanoparticles further upgraded the sensor response due to catalytic and electrical sensitization effects of Pd. In particular, the Pd-loaded SnO2 nanoparticle clusters showed excellent sensitivity to toluene, able to detect it at down to low ppb levels.
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