Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 6, Issue 13, Pages 10113-10120Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am501041t
Keywords
electric field; capacitive deionization; zinc oxide; activated carbon cloth; charge efficiency
Funding
- Chair in Nanotechnology
- Research Council of Oman (TRC)
- Sultan Qaboos University
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Electrodes composed of activated carbon cloth (ACC) coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods are compared with plain ACC electrodes, with respect to their desalination efficiency of a 17 mM NaCl solution at different applied potentials. Polarization of the ZnO nanorods increased the penetration depth and strength of the electric field between the electrodes, leading to an increase in the capacitance and charge efficiency at reduced input charge ratios. Uniform distribution of the electric field lines between two electrodes coated with ZnO nanorods led to faster ion adsorption rates, reduced the electrode saturation time, and increased the average desalination efficiency by similar to 45% for all applied potentials. The electrodes were characterized for active surface area, capacitance from cyclic voltammetry, theoretical assessment of surface area utilization, and the magnitude of electric field force acting on an ion of unit charge for each potential.
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