Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 6, Issue 14, Pages 10917-10923Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am500632b
Keywords
long-life lithium sulfur battery; low-cost sulfur cathodes; graphene encapsulation
Funding
- BASF International Scientific Network for Electrochemistry and Batteries
- NSERC via a Canada Research Chair
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We report the synthesis of a low-cost carbon/sulfur nanocomposite using Ketjen black (KBC) as the carbon framework, encapsulated by thin graphene sheets using a simple process that relies on binding a functionalized KBC/S nanoparticle surface with graphene oxide (GO), which is reduced in situ. A slight excess of GO is employed to create a second layer of graphene wrapping around the KBC/S. This g-KBC/S sulfur cathode exhibits excellent cyclability over 200 cycles where the average stabilized fade rate is only 0.026% or 1.1 mAh g(-1) per cycle. This excellent performance is primarily attributed to the wrapped, internally porous architecture. The large pore volume, small pore diameter, and uniform nanoparticle size of the mesoporous KBC array provides an ideal frame for the fabrication of a homogeneous C/S composite, whereas the graphene/GO sheets serve as an external chemical and physical barrier that inhibits polysulfide diffusion.
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