Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 6, Issue 21, Pages 18930-18937Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am504813f
Keywords
mixed-charge gold nanoparticles; pH-induced aggregation; size effect; near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy
Funding
- National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [51025312]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB606203]
- Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials [SKLSSM 201204]
- Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20110101110037, 20110101120049, 20120101130013]
- [NSFC-50830106]
- [21174126]
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The acidic microenvironment of tumor tissues has proven to be one of the major differences from other normal tissues. The near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation of aggregated gold nanoparticles in a tumor acidic pH-induced manner could then provide an effect approach to treat solid tumors with the advantage of minimizing the undesired damage to normal tissues. Although it is well-known the aggregation of larger nanoparticles will result in a better NIR photothermal effect, the preparation of pH-sensitive gold nanoparticles in large sizes remains a big challenge because of their worse dispersive stability. In this paper, we introduce a facile way to endow large gold nanoparticles with tunable pH-aggregation behaviors by modifying the nanoparticle surface with mixed-charge self-assembly monolayers compromising positively and negatively charged thiol ligands. Four different size nanopartides were used to study the general principle of tailoring the pH-induced aggregation behaviors of mixed-charge gold nanoparticles (MC-GNPs) by adjusting the surface ligand composition. With proper surface ligand composition, the MC-GNPs in four different sizes that all exhibited aggregation at tumor acidic pH were obtained. The biggest MC-GNPs showed the most encouraging aggregation-enhanced photothermal efficacy in vitro when they formed aggregates. The mixed-charge self-assembled monolayers were then proved as a facile method to design pH-induced aggregation of large gold nanoparticles for better NIR photothermal cancer therapy.
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