Dependence of Crystallite Formation and Preferential Backbone Orientations on the Side Chain Pattern in PBDTTPD Polymers

Alkyl substituents appended to the pi-conjugated main chain account for the solution-processability and film-forming properties of most pi-conjugated polymers for organic electronic device applications, including field-effect transistors (FETs) and bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Beyond film-forming properties, recent work has emphasized the determining role that side-chain substituents play on polymer self-assembly and thin-film nanostructural order, and, in turn, on device performance. However, the factors that determine polymer crystallite orientation in thin-films, implying preferential backbone orientation relative to the device substrate, are a matter of some debate, and these structural changes remain difficult to anticipate. In this report, we show how systematic changes in the side-chain pattern of poly(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophenealtthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione) (PBDTTPD) polymers can (i) influence the propensity of the polymer to order in the pi-stacking direction, and (ii) direct the preferential orientation of the polymer crystallites in thin films (e.g., face-on vs edge-on). Oriented crystallites, specifically crystallites that are well-ordered in the pi-stacking direction, are believed to be a key contributor to improved thin-film device performance in both FETs and BHJ solar cells.