Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 6, Issue 8, Pages 5810-5817Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am500642n
Keywords
lignin; polymer additive; epoxy resin; toughening
Funding
- Science and Engineering Research Council of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore [11 2300 4027]
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A novel approach to toughen epoxy resin with lignin, a common waste material from the pulp and paper industry, is presented in this article. First, carboxylic acid-functionalized alkali lignin (AL-COOH) was prepared and subsequently incorporated into anhydride-cured epoxy networks via a one-pot method. The results of mechanical tests show that covalent incorporation of rigid AL-COOH into epoxy networks can significantly toughen the epoxy matrix without deteriorating its tensile strength and modulus. The addition of 1.0 wt % AL-COOH gives increases of 68 and 164% in the critical stress intensity factor (K-IC) and critical strain energy release rate (G(IC)), respectively, relative to that of neat epoxy. This article opens up the possibility of utilizing low-cost and renewable lignin feedstocks as effective toughening agents for thermoset polymers.
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