Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 606-611Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am1011996
Keywords
photovoltaic; metallization paste; silver; nanozinc; silicon nitride; silicon; microscopy
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Silver metallization pastes for crystalline silicon PV cells containing nanosized metallic zinc were found to be superior to commercial pastes containing micrometer-sized metallic zinc and micrometer sized zinc oxide in terms of.,efficiency and firing window. Efficiency performance decreases as the size of the particle's increases: nano-Zn > 3.6 mu m Zn > 4.4 mu m Zn. Advanced electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the interfacial microstructure between the front-side contact and the Si emitter of nanosized zinc additive based cells fired at temperatures from below to above optimal. These microstructural observations confirmed the possibility of a tunneling mechanism of current flow (a nano-Ag colloid assisted tunneling model) in the absence of Ag crystallites. Contact resistance maps were used to guide sampling, leading to a better understanding of the relationship between microstructure and contact resistance. Low contact resistance and higher cell efficiency, especially at under- and overfiring temperature conditions, are due to more uniform silicon nitride etching obtained through the use of nanosized metallic zinc additives.
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