Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages 1581-1587Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am100299e
Keywords
titania nanotubes; self-branching; Li secondary battery electrode; layered titanate
Funding
- NRL Programs [ROA-2007-000-20105-0]
- Nano RD Program [M10503000255-05M0300-25510, 2005-02522, 2009-0082717]
- Priority Research Centers Program [2009-0093814]
- MEST [2009-0086302]
- MEST/KOSEF [R11-2005-048-00000-0]
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Surface decoration strategy for one-dimensional nanostructures will improve their electrical, optical, mechanical, and electrochemical performances dramatically. Heterogeneous growth/deposition on surfaces, however, may create undesired junction interfaces in the system. Here we report a procedure during which amorphous titania nanotubes are readily self-branched with crystalline titanate nanorods at room temperature. The starting amorphous titania nanotubes were prepared by low-temperature atomic layer deposition combined with the template-directed approach. We routinely observed the self-branching phenomenon of crystalline titanate nanorods with a few nanometers in diameter onto the surfaces of the amorphous titania nanotubes in mild alkali solutions. The resulting structures were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The reactivity of the hierarchical titania nanotube arrays was observed to be improved as a Li secondary battery electrode. Upon complete consumption of the amorphous body of titania nanotubes, in addition, titanate nanosheets/layers consisting of single TiO2 layers with unit-cell thickness were obtained, elucidating the formation mechanism of layered titanate materials by alkali treatment.
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