Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 2, Issue 5, Pages 1275-1280Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am1001597
Keywords
low k; polymer; interface toughening; ring-opening; carbosilane; copper
Funding
- New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation (NYSTAR)
- NSF [DMR 0519081]
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Integrating low dielectric permittivity (low-k) polymers to metals is an exacting fundamental challenge because poor bonding between low-polarizability moieties and metals precludes good interfacial adhesion. Conventional adhesion-enhancing methods such as using intermediary layers are unsuitable for engineering polymer/metal interfaces for many applications because of the collateral increase in dielectric permittivity. Here, we demonstrate a completely new approach without surface treatments or intermediary layers to obtain an excellent interfacial fracture toughness of > 13 J/m(2) in a model system comprising copper. and a cross-linked polycarbosilane with k similar to 2.7 obtained by curing a cyclolinear polycarbosilane in air. Our results suggest that interfacial oxygen catalyzed molecular ring-opening and anchoring of the opened ring moieties of the polymer to copper is the main toughening mechanism. This novel approach of realizing adherent low-k polymer/metal structures without intermediary layers by activating metal-anchoring polymer moieties at the interface could be adapted for applications such as device wiring and packaging, and laminates and composites.
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