Journal
SOCIAL FORCES
Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 111-132Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/sf/90.1.111
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Funding
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [0833010] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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A long-standing debate questions whether homemakers or working wives are happier. Drawing on cross-national data for 28 countries, this research uses multi-level models to provide fresh evidence on this controversy. All things considered, homemakers are slightly happier than wives who work fulltime, but they have no advantage over part-time workers. The work status gap in happiness persists even controlling for family life mediators. Cross-level interactions between work status and macro-level variables suggest that country characteristics-GDP, social spending, women's labor force participation, liberal gender ideology and public child care-ameliorate the disadvantage in happiness for full-time working wives compared to homemakers and part-time workers.
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