Journal
IMMUNE NETWORK
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
KOREA ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e5
Keywords
CX(3)CR1; CX(3)CL1; Tissue specificity; Monocytes; Macrophages
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and future Planning [NRF-2017R1A2B4002419]
- Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) - Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea [HI15C1980]
- Korea Health Promotion Institute [HI15C1980000017] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A2B4002419] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX(3)CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX(3)CR1) are widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cells throughout organisms. However, their expression is mostly cell type-specific in each tissue. CX(3)CR1 expression can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interaction between CX(3)CL1 and CX(3)CR1 can mediate chemotaxis of immune cells according to concentration gradient of ligands. CX(3)CR1 expressing immune cells have a main role in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response depending on environmental condition. In a given tissue such as bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer, CX(3)CR1 expressing cells can maintain tissue homeostasis. Under pathologic conditions, however, CX(3)CR1 expressing cells can play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss recent progresses of CX(3)CL1/CX(3)CR1 in major tissues and their relationships with human diseases.
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