Journal
CANCERS
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060194
Keywords
TGF-beta; T cells; cancer; immunotherapy
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute [705207]
- Natural Sciences an Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2018-05631]
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Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-beta) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large amounts within cancer microenvironments that will ultimately promote neoplastic progression, notably by suppressing the host's T-cell immunosurveillance. This effect is mostly due to the well-known inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Moreover, TGF-beta subverts T cell immunity by favoring regulatory T-cell differentiation, further reinforcing immunosuppression within tumor microenvironments. These findings stimulated the development of many strategies to block TGF-beta or its signaling pathways, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, to restore anti-cancer immunity. Paradoxically, recent studies provided evidence that TGF-beta can also promote differentiation of certain inflammatory populations of T cells, such as Th17, Th9, and resident-memory T cells (Trm), which have been associated with improved tumor control in several models. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of the many roles of TGF-beta in T cell biology in the context of tumor immunity and discuss the possibility to manipulate TGF-beta signaling to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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