Replication of a Gene-Diet Interaction at CD36, NOS3 and PPARG in Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements on Blood Lipids: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Modulation of genetic variants on the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on blood lipids is still unclear. Methods: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial 150 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized into omega-3 fatty acid group (n - 56 for fish oil and 44 for flaxseed oil) and control group (n - 50) for 180 days. All patients were genotyped for genetic variants at CMG (rs1527483), NOS3 (rs1799983) and PPARG (rs1801282). Linear regression was used to examine the interaction between omega-3 fatty acid intervention and CD36, NOS3 or PPARG variants for blood lipids. Findings: Significant interaction with omega-3 fatty acid supplements was observed for CD36 on triglycerides (p-interaction = 0.042) and PPAGR on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p-interaction = 0.02). We also found a significant interaction between change in erythrocyte phospholipid omega-3 fatty acid composition and NOS3 genotype on triglycerides (p-interaction = 0.042), total cholesterol (p-interaction = 0.013) and ratio of total cholesterol to high-densiLy lipoprotein cholesterol (p-itheracLion = 0.015). The T2D patients of CD36-G allele, PPARG-G allele and NOS3-A allele fended to respond belie to omega-3 laity acids in improving lipid profiles. The interaction results of the omega-3 fatty acid group were mainly attributed to the fish oil supplements. Inleipreitaion: This study suggests that T2D patients with different genotypes at CD36, N053 and PPARG respond differentially to intervention of omega-3 supplements in blood lipid profiles. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.