Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7181
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [15K21765]
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology [17H05164]
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute
- Academy of Finland through its Centres of Excellence Program [915804]
- EU project PAMS [610446]
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Substituting heteroatoms into nanostructured graphene elements, such as graphene nanoribbons, offers the possibility for atomic engineering of electronic properties. To characterize these substitutions, functionalized atomic force microscopy (AFM)-a tool to directly resolve chemical structures-is one of the most promising tools, yet the chemical analysis of heteroatoms has been rarely performed. We synthesized multiple heteroatom-substituted graphene nanoribbons and showed that AFM can directly resolve elemental differences and can be correlated to the van der Waals radii, as well as the modulated local electron density caused by the substitution. This elemental-sensitive measurement takes an important step in the analysis of functionalized two-dimensional carbon materials.
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