Journal
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 548-555Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0125-7
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Funding
- Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [ZIAAI000932] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Sand flies, similar to most vectors, take multiple blood meals during their lifetime(1-4). The effect of subsequent blood meals on pathogens developing in the vector and their impact on disease transmission have never been examined. Here, we show that ingestion of a second uninfected blood meal by Leishmania-infected sand flies triggers dedifferentiation of metacyclic promastigotes, considered a terminally differentiated stage inside the vector(5), to a leptomonad-like stage, the retroleptomonad promastigote. Reverse metacyclogenesis occurs after every subsequent blood meal where retroleptomonad promastigotes rapidly multiply and differentiate to metacyclic promastigotes enhancing sand fly infectiousness. Importantly, a subsequent blood meal amplifies the few Leishmania parasites acquired by feeding on infected hosts by 125-fold, and increases lesion frequency by fourfold, in twice-fed compared with single-fed flies. These findings place readily available blood sources as a critical element in transmission and propagation of vector-borne pathogens.
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