Journal
CHEMISTRYSELECT
Volume 3, Issue 23, Pages 6683-6690Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800628
Keywords
Chromate; Density Functional Theory; Electrocatalysis; Hypochlorite reduction; Reaction mechanism
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Funding
- Swedish research council [621-2010-4035]
- Swedish Energy agency [33280-1]
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Chlorate production is a highly energy demanding industrial process, where chlorate formation is accompanied with hydrogen formation on the cathode. To ensure a high cathodic current efficiency, sodium dichromate is added to the chlorate electrolyte to avoid reduction of hypochlorite formed as a reaction intermediate in the process. However, chromate is highly toxic to humans and environment, and therefore a replacement is desired. A model system with ex situ formed chromium oxide/hydroxide films were used to study hypochlorite reduction and hydrogen evolution. The experimental results demonstrate that the hypochlorite reduction is fully blocked while hydrogen evolution readily occurs. However, in the presence of hypochlorite the hydrogen evolution reaction is inhibited. By combining experimental findings with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the mechanism of hypochlorite reduction was revealed and the reason for inhibition by the deposited chromium(III) film was demonstrated. Based on these results possible replacements for chromate are suggested.
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