Reference range of liver corrected T1 values in a population at low risk for fatty liver diseasea UK Biobank sub-study, with an appendix of interesting cases

PurposeCorrected T1 (cT1) value is a novel MRI-based quantitative metric for assessing a composite of liver inflammation and fibrosis. It has been shown to distinguish between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, these studies were conducted in patients at high risk for liver disease. This study establishes the normal reference range of cT1 values for a large UK population, and assesses interactions of age and gender.MethodsMR data were acquired on a 1.5T system as part of the UK Biobank Imaging Enhancement study. Measures for Proton Density Fat Fraction and cT1 were calculated from the MRI data using a multiparametric MRI software application. Data that did not meet quality criteria were excluded from further analysis. Inter and intra-reader variability was estimated in a set of data. A cohort at low risk for NAFL was identified by excluding individuals with BMI25kg/m(2) and PDFF5%. Of the 2816 participants with data of suitable quality, 1037 (37%) were classified as at low risk.ResultsThe cT1 values in the low-risk population ranged from 573 to 852ms with a median of 666ms and interquartile range from 643 to 694ms. Iron correction of T1 was necessary in 36.5% of this reference population. Age and gender had minimal effect on cT1 values.ConclusionThe majority of cT1 values are tightly clustered in a population at low risk for NAFL, suggesting it has the potential to serve as a new quantitative imaging biomarker for studies of liver health and disease.