Journal
IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages 1511-1520Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TMECH.2014.2379695
Keywords
Batteries; constrained control; electrochemical modeling; performance benefits comparison; reference governor
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Funding
- Directorate For Engineering [1408107] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This paper examines reference governor (RG) methods for satisfying state constraints in Li-ion batteries. Mathematically, these constraints are formulated from a first principles electrochemical model. Consequently, the constraints explicitly model specific degradation mechanisms, such as lithium plating, lithium depletion, and overheating. This contrasts with the present paradigm of limiting measured voltage, current, and/or temperature. The critical challenges, however, are that: 1) the electrochemical states evolve according to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, and 2) the states are not physically measurable. Assuming available state and parameter estimates, this paper develops RGs for electrochemical battery models. The results demonstrate how electrochemical model state information can be utilized to ensure safe operation, while simultaneously enhancing energy capacity, power, and charge speeds in Li-ion batteries.
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