Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
Volume 123, Issue 3, Pages 2035-2048Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2017JB014823
Keywords
magnetic fabrics; anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS); coccoliths; calcite; diamagnetic fabric; carbonate rocks
Categories
Funding
- Israel Science Foundation [1245/11, 868/17]
- Israel Science Foundation Center of Excellence [1436/14]
- Israeli Ministry of Energy
- Naomi Foundation through the Tel Aviv University GRTF Program
- NSF Instruments and Facilities program
- University of Minnesota
- IRM
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [GRANTS:13849372, 1339505] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We present a new procedure for separating magnetic fabrics in coccolith-bearing chalk samples, demonstrated in the case studies of three sites located within the Dead Sea Fault (DSF) plate boundary. The separation is achieved by combining measurements of room temperature and low-temperature anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (RT-AMS and LT-AMS, respectively) with anisotropy of anhysteretic remanence magnetization (AARM). The LT-AMS, measured at similar to 77 K, enhances the fabric of paramagnetic clay minerals. The AARM represents the fabric of ferromagnetic Fe oxides. By subtracting the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic fabrics from the RT-AMS, the diamagnetic fabric is separated. In the studied samples, we found that the ferromagnetic contribution to the bulk magnetic fabric is negligible and could be excluded from the subtraction procedure. Our analysis indicates that in chalks with a negligible ferromagnetic contribution, diamagnetic fabric predominates the rock bulk magnetic fabric, if the mean susceptibility is <-6 x 10(-6) SI, whereas with a mean susceptibility >11 x 10(-6) SI, paramagnetic fabric predominates. In the studied rocks, the paramagnetic clay minerals preserve the original depositional fabric, whereas the diamagnetic minerals show a tectonic fabric. We propose a mechanism by which coccolith rotation under tectonic strain contributes to the development of the diamagnetic fabric parallel to the shortening direction. We infer that the diamagnetic fabrics of the studied rocks indicate strain regime of approximately N-S horizontal shortening near strands of the DSF system. This suggests a deflection of the regional principal strain axes near the DSF. The diamagnetic fabric is more sensitive to tectonic strain than paramagnetic fabric in chalks and provides a valuable strain indicator near major faults.
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