Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
Volume 123, Issue 14, Pages 7670-7686Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2017JD028082
Keywords
atmospheric chemistry; instrument development; flight deployment; HRToF-CIMS
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Funding
- NSF [AGS 1360745, AGS-1360834, AGS-1433358]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1256082]
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We describe the University of Washington airborne high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF-CIMS) and evaluate its performance aboard the NCAR-NSF C-130 aircraft during the recent Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions and Reactivity (WINTER) experiment in February-March of 2015. New features include (i) a computer-controlled dynamic pinhole that maintains constant mass flow-rate into the instrument independent of altitude changes to minimize variations in instrument response times; (ii) continuous addition of low flow-rate humidified ultrahigh purity nitrogen to minimize the difference in water vapor pressure, hence instrument sensitivity, between ambient and background determinations; (iii) deployment of a calibration source continuously generating isotopically labeled dinitrogen pentoxide ((N2O5)-N-15) for in-flight delivery; and (iv) frequent instrument background determinations to account for memory effects resulting from the interaction between sticky compounds and instrument surface following encounters with concentrated air parcels. The resulting improvements to precision and accuracy, along with the simultaneous acquisition of these species and the full set of their isotopologues, allow for more reliable identification, source attribution, and budget accounting, for example, by speciating the individual constituents of nocturnal reactive nitrogen oxides (NOz=ClNO2+2xN(2)O(5)+HNO3+etc.). We report on an expanded set of species quantified using iodide-adduct ionization such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and other inorganic reactive halogen species including hypochlorous acid, nitryl chloride, chlorine, nitryl bromide, bromine, and bromine chloride (HOCl, ClNO2, Cl-2, BrNO2, Br-2, and BrCl, respectively).
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