Effect of Dietary Probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Levels, and Absorption of Essential Trace Elements in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

In this study, we have investigated the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus CD6 supplemented into simple laboratory fish feed (LFF) and complex, multi-ingredient market fish feed (MFF) on growth performance, antioxidant levels, and essential trace element absorption in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Twenty-four healthy goldfish (average weight 3-4g) were acclimatized and divided into four experimental diets supplemented with 3x10(7)CFU/g of probiotic (LFF + Pro, MFF + Pro) and without probiotic (LFF, MFF) for 14weeks. Fish fed with probiotic were healthy, active, and intense orange-gold as compared to control (without probiotic). At 14weeks, fish fed with MFF + Pro/LFF + Pro showed 91/47% weight gain as compared to 34/-12% weight observed with MFF/LFF. The average weight gain differences recorded between probiotic and control diets were not significant. No mortality to report when fish fed with probiotic. In contrast, fish fed without probiotic showed mortalities (LFF, two fish; MFF, one fish) during the trial. DPPH activity revealed high levels of antioxidants into the intestine of probiotic-fed fish. Trace element analysis showed that probiotic colonization enhanced diet-dependent absorption of Fe and Zn. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was exhibited by probiotic L. helveticus CD6 against infected fish isolate Aeromonas spp. JA showed an ability to protect fish from infections. Moreover, complex, multi-ingredient feed had a highest impact on viability of probiotic during storage. In conclusion, L. helveticus CD6 did not significantly enhance growth performance; however, it improved health and reduced mortalities in goldfish (C. auratus) regardless of the composition of the diet.