Journal
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages A23-A30Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.6.000A23
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Funding
- Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-12-1-0026, W911NF1710189]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11674194, 61134008, 61622306]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2014CB921401]
- Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Cross-discipline Foundation
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1303499]
- Directorate for Engineering (ENG) [EFMA1641109]
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We present a study of single nanoparticle detection using parity-time (PT) symmetric whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators. Our theoretical model and numerical simulations show that, with balanced gain and loss, the PT-symmetric WGM nanoparticle sensor, tailored to operate at PT phase transition points (also called exceptional points), exhibits significant enhancement in frequency splitting when compared with a single WGM nanoparticle sensor subject to the same perturbation. The presence of gain in the PT-symmetric system leads to narrower linewidth, which helps to resolve smaller changes in frequency splitting and improve the detection limit of nanoparticle sensing. Furthermore, we also provide a general method for detecting multiple nanoparticles entering the mode volume of a PT-symmetric WGM sensor one by one. Our study shows the feasibility of PT-symmetric WGM resonators for ultrasensitive single nanoparticle and biomolecule sensing. (C) 2018 Chinese Laser Press.
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