Journal
ONCOIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2017.1423170
Keywords
death receptors; DNA methylation; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; lung cancer; cancer; NF-kappa B; PD-L1
Categories
Funding
- Ligue Contre le Cancer [001AC.2015]
- LabeX IGO
- University of Franche-Comte
- Region Franche-Comte
- ANR [ANR-11-LABX-0016-01]
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Tumor cells, which undergo Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquire increased capacities of proliferation, invasion and have the ability to generate metastases by escaping the immune system during their systemic migration. To escape the immune system, cancer cells may induce tolerance or resist elimination by immune effectors via multiple mechanisms and we hypothesized that EMT may control the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors, then promoting immune evasion. PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) but not PD-L2 nor Galectin 9 or Death receptor (DR4, DR5 and Fas) and ligands (FasL and TRAIL) expression was up-regulated during cytokine-driven EMT in a reversible manner. Moreover PD-L1 is overexpressed in VIMENTIN positive NSCLC tissues. We also demonstrated that the expression of PD-L1 required both TNF alpha and TGF beta 1. Indeed, TGF beta 1 decreased DNMT1 content and that resulted in PD-L1 promoter demethylation whereas TNF alpha induced the NF-kappa B pathway that promoted expression of demethylated PD-L1 promoter.
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