Journal
MEMBRANES
Volume 1, Issue 4, Pages 354-393Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/membranes1040354
Keywords
endocytosis; ERAD; immune regulation; membrane trafficking; mitochondrial dynamics; proteasome; quality control; RNF; ubiquitin; ubiquitin ligase
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [22770123]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22770123] Funding Source: KAKEN
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A large number of RING finger (RNF) proteins are present in eukaryotic cells and the majority of them are believed to act as E3 ubiquitin ligases. In humans, 49 RNF proteins are predicted to contain transmembrane domains, several of which are specifically localized to membrane compartments in the secretory and endocytic pathways, as well as to mitochondria and peroxisomes. They are thought to be molecular regulators of the organization and integrity of the functions and dynamic architecture of cellular membrane and membranous organelles. Emerging evidence has suggested that transmembrane RNF proteins control the stability, trafficking and activity of proteins that are involved in many aspects of cellular and physiological processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mammalian transmembrane RNF proteins, focusing on their roles and significance.
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