Role of Marrow Adipocytes in Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Bone Homeostasis

Purpose of review The goal of this review is to gain a better understanding of marrow adipocyte development, its regulation of energy, and its characterization responsible for bone homeostasis. Recent findings Despite major advances in uncovering the complex association of bone-fat in the marrow, the underlying basic biological process of adipose tissue development, as well as its interaction with bone homeostasis in pathophysiological conditions, is still not well understood. Summary This review identifies many pro- and anti-osteogenic factors secreted by adipocytes to play a role in the manipulating the fate of mesenchymal stem cells as well as the osteoblastic activity during bone remodeling. It also addresses the function of adipose tissue capable of negative regulation of the hematopoietic microenvironment to influence the bone quantity and the nature of bone homeostasis.