The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG VIII. GJ15A: a multiple wide planetary system sculpted by binary interaction

We present 20 yr of radial velocity (RV) measurements of the M1 dwarf G115A, combining five years of intensive RV monitoring with the HARPS-N spectrograph with 15 yr of archival HIRES/Keck RV data. We have carried out an MCMC-based analysis of the RV time series, inclusive of Gaussian Process (GP) approach to the description of stellar activity induced RV variations. Our analysis confirms the Keplerian nature and refines the orbital solution for the 11.44-day period super Earth, G115A b, reducing its amplitude to 1.68(-0.18)(+0.17)m s(-1 )(M sin i = 3.03(-0.44)(+0.46)M(circle plus)), and successfully models a long-term trend in the combined RV dataset in terms of a Keplerian orbit with a period around 7600 days and an amplitude of 2.5-(+1.3)(1.0) m s(-1), corresponding to a super-Neptune mass (M sin i = 36(-18)(+25) M-circle plus) planetary companion. We also discuss the present orbital configuration of G115A planetary system in terms of the possible outcomes of Lidov-Kozai interactions with the wide-separation companion G115B in a suite of detailed numerical simulations. In order to improve the results of the dynamical analysis, we have derived a new orbital solution for the binary system, combining our RV measurements with astrometric data from the WDS catalogue. The eccentric Lidov-Kozai analysis shows the strong influence of G115B on the G115A planetary system, which can produce orbits compatible with the observed configuration for initial inclinations of the planetary system between 75 degrees and 90 degrees, and can also enhance the eccentricity of the outer planet well above the observed value, even resulting in orbital instability, for inclinations around 0 degrees and 15 degrees-30 degrees. The G115A system is the multi-planet system closest to Earth, at 3.56 pc, and hosts the longest period RV sub-Jovian mass planet discovered so far. Its orbital architecture constitutes a very important laboratory for the investigation of formation and orbital evolution scenarios for planetary systems in binary stellar systems.