Mathematical Models of Electro-Magnetohydrodynamic Multiphase Flows Synthesis with Nano-Sized Hafnium Particles

The multiphase fluid flow under the influence of electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EHD) is investigated in this study. The base fluid contains hafnium particles. Two illustrative models namely fluid phase and particulate phase are considered for three different geometries having great importance in both industrial and mechanical usage. The impact of pertinent parameters from different aspects is illustrated graphically with requisite discussion keeping in view their physical aspects. The stream lines are also erected to highlight their physical importance regarding the flow patterns. In addition, the paper is terminated by making a comparison with the existing literature as a limiting case of considered problem to confirm the validations of achieved results and hence found in excellent agreement. This model can be used to design and engineer for nozzle or diffuser type of injectors in the latest models of automobiles to improve their performance and reduce the consumption of fuel.