Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app8020183
Keywords
chemical exergy; degree of torrefaction; fluidized bed; calorific value; ultimate analysis; sewage sludge; torrefaction index
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Funding
- Human Resources Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) - Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy of the Korean Government [20154030200940]
- Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)
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Thermal pre-treatment of non-lignocellulosic biomass, sewage sludge, using a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor was carried out in order to enhance its solid fuel properties. The influence of the torrefaction temperature range from 200-350 degrees C and 0-50 min residence time on the physical and chemical properties of the torrefied product was investigated. Properties of the torrefied product were analyzed on the basis of the degree of torrefaction, ultimate and proximate analysis, and gas analysis. An attempt was made to obtain the chemical exergy of sewage sludge. An elevated torrefaction temperature presented a beneficial impact on the degree of torrefaction and chemical exergy. Moreover, the effect of the torrefaction temperature and residence time on the elemental variation of sewage sludge exhibited an increase in the weight percentage of carbon while the H/C and O/C molar ratios deteriorated. Additionally, the product gas emitted during torrefaction was analyzed to study the pathway of hydrocarbons and oxygen containing compounds. The compounds with oxygen were emitted at higher temperatures in contrast to hydrocarbon gases. In addition, the study of various correlations for predicting the calorific value of torrefied sewage sludge was made.
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