Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
Volume 30, Issue 5, Pages 2396-2403Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2360401
Keywords
Power system modeling; restoration and protection; security; substations; transformers
Categories
Funding
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0087]
- Office of Naval Research
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
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This paper incorporates, as part of an attacker-defender (AD) model for an electric power transmission grid, an inventory of recovery spares for high-voltage transformers (HVTs). In this sequential-game model, an attacker first uses limited resources to disable grid components, seeking to maximize second-stage total cost. This value corresponds to a defender who operates the damaged grid to minimize generating and economic load-shedding costs. The defender's problem includes 1) optimal power-flow solutions to represent post-attack operations, 2) optimized replacement of disabled HVTs with quickly installable recovery spares, and 3) longer-term replacements using new procurements. Global Benders decomposition, with a mixed-integer subproblem, solves the AD model; new enumerative techniques help solve the decomposition's master problem and subproblems. Computational tests demonstrate tradeoffs between the number of recovery spares and worst-case total cost, and show how the model could help guide an inventory strategy for recovery spares in an adversarial setting.
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