Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 259-267Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2282600
Keywords
Electromagnetic transients program (EMTP); field-programmable gate array (FPGA); high-voltage direct current (HVDC); modular multilevel converter (MMC); real time; voltage source converter (VSC)
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Modular multilevel converter (MMC) structures are composed of several hundreds to thousands of half-bridge converters. Such large numbers of power switches and electrical nodes introduce important numerical challenges for the computation of electromagnetic transients. The problem becomes particularly more complex for the real-time simulations. This paper presents a feasibility study on the real-time simulation of the MMC models. CPU-based and field-programmable gate array-based implementations are proposed and evaluated for the MMCs having up to 401 levels. The study also provides guidelines for the real-time simulation platform requirements to simulate these MMC models.
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