Journal
EMOTION REVIEW
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 444-454Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1754073911410745
Keywords
basic emotions; core affect; emotion primitives; natural kinds; psychological constructionism
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We argue that there are three coherent, nontrivial notions of basic-ness: conceptual basic-ness, biological basic-ness, and psychological basic-ness. There is considerable evidence for conceptually basic emotion categories (e.g., anger, fear). These categories do not designate biologically basic emotions, but some forms of anger, fear, and so on that are biologically basic in a sense we will specify. Finally, two notions of psychological basic-ness are distinguished, and the evidence for them is evaluated. The framework we offer acknowledges the force of some of the objections to basic emotion theory whilst demonstrating that the notion of a basic emotion, once properly reformulated, is still of scientific value.
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