Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00170
Keywords
amygdala; orbitofrontal cortex; value processing; reward; punishment
Categories
Funding
- NIMH [R01 MH082017, RC1 MH088458]
- NIDA [R01 DA020656]
- NET [P30 EY019007]
- James S. McDonnell and Gatsby foundations
- NSF graduate fellowship and from an individual NIMH NRSA [F31 MH081620]
- NIMH institutional training [T32 MH015144]
- Helen Hay Whitney Foundation
- Kavli Foundation
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Decision-making often involves using sensory cues to predict possible rewarding or punishing reinforcement outcomes before selecting a course of action. Recent work has revealed complexity in how the brain learns to predict rewards and punishments. Analysis of neural signaling during and after learning in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, two brain areas that process appetitive and aversive stimuli, reveals a dynamic relationship between appetitive and aversive circuits. Specifically, the relationship between signaling in appetitive and aversive circuits in these areas shifts as a function of learning. Furthermore, although appetitive and aversive circuits may often drive opposite behaviors approaching or avoiding reinforcement depending upon its valence these circuits can also drive similar behaviors, such as enhanced arousal or attention; these processes also may influence choice behavior. These data highlight the formidable challenges ahead in dissecting how appetitive and aversive neural circuits interact to produce a complex and nuanced range of behaviors.
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