Hydrogen and fuel cell technology: Progress, challenges, and future directions

The Department of Energy's (DOE) hydrogen and fuel cell activities are presented, focussing on key targets and progress. Recent results on the cost, durability, and performance of fuel cells are discussed, along with the status of hydrogen-related technologies and cross-cutting activities. DOE has deployed fuel cells in key early markets, including backup power and forklifts. Recent analyses show that fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are among the most promising options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and petroleum use. Preliminary analysis also indicates that the total cost of ownership of FCEVs will be comparable to other advanced vehicle and fuel options. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.