Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 45, Issue -, Pages 75-83Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.12.031
Keywords
Limiting factor; Conduction band offset; Defect states; Kesterite; CZTSSe; Solar cell
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean Government [NRF-2014R1A2A1A11053109, NRF-2016M1A2A2937010, 2017R1A2B2006223]
- Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)
- Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea [20173010012980]
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [20173010012980] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016M1A2A2936784, 2017R1A2B2006223] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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We investigated limitation factors of high efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTSSe) solar cells, where the CZTSSe absorbers were made by using sulfo-selenization process. CZTSSe absorbers with two S/(S + Se) ratios, similar to 0.12 (Se-rich) and similar to 0.22 (S-increased), were prepared by varying the sulfo-selenization temperature. The Se-rich CZTSSe solar cells were found to have larger conduction band offset (CBO) between the absorber and the buffer, which was reflected in the kinked J-V curves at low temperatures. Considering that the larger CBO prevents electron transport from absorber to buffer and resultantly reduces short circuit current and fill factor, it could be possible limitation factor of the high efficiency solar cell. Contrary to Se-rich solar cells, S-increased solar cells showed reduced CBO and no kinked J-V curve. However, deep defects were found to be generated, which induced defect centers of charge recombination both at interface and in bulk of the absorber. The larger CBO in Se-rich CZTSSe solar cell and deep defects in S-increased CZTSSe solar cell are observed even in similar to 12% efficiency solar cells. Thus, we believe that these possible limitation factors should be resolved to achieve high efficiency kesterite CZTSSe solar cell above 12%.
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